Metallic churns and butter kneaders having no kneading rollers



Sept. 13, 1949. F. J. J. J. HENRARD' 2,481,842

. METALLIC CHURNS AND BUTTER-KNEADERS HAVING NO KNEADING ROLLERS Filed July 14, 1945 1 2 Sheets-Sheet l C 2; v I 4. l

M WWM P 9 F. J. J. J. HENRARD 2,481,342

IETALLIC CHURNS AND BUTTER-(HEADERS HAVING NO KNEADING ROLLERS Filed July 14. 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fer nund :YearJos'e h Tuh en Henrard H\\ va N TOR Patented Sept. 13, 1949 '7 company iipp'licatidntfuly i4, 194 ';"Serial-1No. 605,083

i 'lrfi B'elgium 203944 v My invention" ?re1a-te's ztottmetal-licschurns sand buttersrkneader'swithout-irollers which are "es-peieimiy designdptobe nisedaatiafiaimstead. i

xz'Difier'en'titypeszofmetallic churns and butter- :kneadersrof cubicai orconical shape (two cones united :at their base) 3 have' *heretofore-= been sugzgested, aswthoseeappliances gpossess a largeqcapacity and: have vbeen'ade'sig ned in order {to be used in industrial dairies. 'flhey-ipelhaps possess advantages in this kind of industr 'gi ebut arernot suitabie ifetheyva-re :reduced' :to? the usualdimensions .COmpamiblGWithffil'QPlQYl'l'lGfltiifib; farmsteads. "It is also we11.-wknown nthatz-thevmeans which iarmers empioy to; produee hutter of; good quality arenot so :numerous ask those "which milk industrial-ists :emp1oy. j

...An-':-Obj 38t of the inventionaisto offer -.to the farmers "a metallic -churn and'rbutterekneader without kneading:- roilers, theconditions -of :-hy rgi'ene and tot manipu'lation of which-have been considerably i improved tin :comparison with "the churnsr and -butter-kneaders now in-use. *Anotherobject ".is V to- 1 permit 1 warying, ---;whi-le modifying'the apparatusas-Jit ez-as possible; the

capaoity ofthese ilatter-vwhiehsiseindispensable for this kind-of -user=rand important in view of an economicalmanufacture inlarge quantities.

The 4 invention ealso-makes, possible the production of butter with the methodsat presenti-rin use in tarmsteadwand in rthis-waydoesnot. complicate an operation zwhioh should be as easy-i and as -practical aspp0ssib1e;eyvhiiesatethe .--same time permitting the production -of-rbutter of vthe -rbest quality. a p a -Accerding;-to the :inventiom-th-is churnzisr-es sentially eharacterized'rby; two parallel bottoms and by. a body;- made: from: one: sing1e.sheet,-.-hent and curved according to three similar-curves. In the praeticalvembodiment of the invention, the-rtworextremitieswof this sheet do not rejoin each other after being bent, the spacing of these extremities correspondingtemize*iwvidth of the opening of the vchurn. This opening ispreferabiy cioisd b'ya removab1ec*overf whichis bent ac cording to the same curvature-as'th'e wall which it is intendediftoleioseu Thebody of the churn canv have the shapeflof arr efiifiiateral triangle, the"three.equ'a1 jsides of s'z thiehl:areypreferably "connec'tediby a: .r'oimded profile. g V ,l IQther advantages and especially ariJificrease 6f the rotational or'rur'ifiing s'p'ee'd anda'n'iore heavy churning can be obtained by providing a body possessing three partitions which have each a profile of cycloidal shape, the three cycloidal 2 v iprefizlesebeingipi'eferablyponhected. to :eaohvother my thre'e zplane :fiades'z which .f'ormwa-n'sangle'wwith the itangenti-tdrawri. to the :extremity rof the roycioid'alvrprofiles. r

'"The cycloidahoiirves occupy; with regard to the reenter sofi rotation of :the-.-c11urn;' such-af position that thei'points' ofv these":ourves-xdeiiiaitesniore an'cbrnoreiifromithe center: of rotation-irom their :onigin':tottheirsextremity.

rhe accompanying drawingsvillustratevchurns according to the present invention.

w Figure-rl "is ;a ifront 'viewof -afc'hurn,

" ig-urei'Zvis: azaseotioneaccordin-g to :line- G-e-D in Eigwl,

' Figures '3, 4, 5,',: '6:;represent thetelements which can berusedtfor i therimaikingmftsuch iaemetall-ic churn; and flsiiiustratesitheoperation of of apparatus.

sFi-gu-res 1 to '7 ;refer to a--churn which comprises: V

' Abody"! made ffromz'onebent and curved sheet 'tFigS.;1-':and i4) VA removableicover'; B-KEigfifiMwhich. covers: the opening "'1 "fo-rmedbetween-the extremities -2 -=0f theFben'tesheetv'I-f and i FIW01 pressedbottomsga-andeka which-are paratlela-and of a -concave 'nterior form. v

"The-profile given to the"bo dy -:1 is I that of a eycloidal' curve 1 Fhese:qsaartitions, =which--are tineenin-rnumbenand begin at 'l Igare 'dsochrome, that ;is to-say that unequal-1 arches of-oneand the same ncycloid are ru-n 'th'roug-h in equal times; moreover,--- the cycloid-isthe curve of-the most rapididescent between-- two given-points, These fundamental "features of cyc10ida1- curves: show that liquids which glide odOWIlwOIL-SUCh a profile are :amimated thereby movements which give rise only-wtoiminimum -eftorts of frictionain comparis0h with any-f other ourv-ilinear or rectilinearprofile; inmonsequence, as there exists at-minimum frietionbetween -the walls ofthe churrn--and-:the cream, :this' latteris only -very-1itt1e-drawn ,into the -rotationa1-: motionaicommunicated to :the

churn. 7

These "frictionseareqstill more reducedrbye the position which is occupiedhyg the three oycloidal sections -with regard to the, center zoferetation of the churn. As a matter of fact, alfpoints of these cycloidal profiles deviate more and more from the center of rotation O of the churn from the origin of the curve at H to its extremity at l2 (Fig. 7)

Two features are consequently to be considered as they contribute to diminish the risk of the cream being carried away by the walls of the this C type These plane faces i3 play a part in that they f,

progressively remove the cycloidal walls from the,

center of rotation of the churn in order to per;

mit of a more vigorous and heavy churning of the cream and to make the operation of the kneading more eflicacious,

During the churning and at each revolution of the churn, the cream undergoes three shocks brought about by its meeting the three plane:

faces !3. When the butter is finished, the churn is stopped and the buttermilk is drawn off, then the butter-granules are washed with cold water and then the water is removed.

The operation of kneading is then commenced for which operation the speed of rotation of the churn remains unchanged. The mass of buttergranules is lifted up and kept back successively by the three plane faces l3 (Fig. 7) until their inclination, with regard to the vertical, lets the butter fall from position B to position B (Fig.

7) whichwhen falling falls back on the projec tions I4 (Fig. 7) where it is kneaded to remove any remaining water.

The butter is kneaded in this way three times at each revolution (Fig. '7). It follows therefrom that in the course of a few revolutions all the butter which is distributed over the whole length of the churn, and that in an almost uniform way, is entirely kneaded and each time when butter in the churn falls on the projections M, a certain quantity of water, retained by.the butter, is removed, which progressively allows small-butter-granules to approach each other and to stick together. Due to the fact that the butter is distributed over the whole length of the churn, it is more easily freed from its excess of water than if the whole butter collected in one sole mass, as happens with certain types of churns, wherein the butter rolls when it comes into contact with the walls and agglomerates into a lump, which retains the water, and

cave. These fractions wouldhave the disadvan- 1 tage of deteriorating the butter-granules which would be injurious to the quality of the finished choking-up the fissures which might exist after product and, moreover, this gliding would facilbesides, accomplishing the following two supplementary results: 7

(a) Increase of the rotational speed and of the rapidity of working,

(b) More vigorous churning due to the projec tions l -of--a single piece. 1:

From the point of view of the manufacture of such churns, it must be considered that the two bottoms are similar and'can be pressed or obtained by any other means from a sheet formed The pressing "operation f the concave shape towards the interior of the churn andforms the edges [5 parallel to the longitudinal axis of, the churn; this edge permits welding the two bottoms to the body. The edges l5 areconnected with the parts It by a recess which facilitates the interior cleansing of the "churn.

The assembling of the two bottoms to the sheet of the body! takes place by exterior or interior, welding according to the chosen mode of welding. 7

If interior welding is chosen, this is considerably facilitated by the absence of lateral walls between the extremities 2 of the. sheets ql-z 'l of the body, because theopeningiof the churn ex tends over the whole length of the latter; There is consequently no welding-to be carried. out between the points 2' which form the opening. It would be otherwise if the'opening had the usual dimensions adopted for the well-known churns wherein this opening has a length less than the length of the churn. i

'WhatIclaimis': I

1. A metallic churn and butter kneader, rotatable about the: horizontal axis'thereof, said churn and butter kneader comprising a substantially closed container consisting 'oftwo parallel end walls and a connecting side-wall extending therebetween, said connecting sidewall being shaped to have three distinct partsthereof, each'part beingshaped to approximate, in part, the outline of a separate cycloidal curve, and the terminal portion of each of said cycloidal curves being connected to the start of 'thenext adjacent curve by a planemetallieconnecting member, so positioned as to form an acute angle with a line extending tangentially to=said terminal portion of the cycloidal curve towlfich it is joined, said c'ycloidal curves and saidplane metallic connecting membe'rs together constitut ingsaid connecting side wall of said churn and butter kneader.

2. A metallic: churn and butter kneader as defined in claimgl, wherein said cycloidal curves forming part of said connecting side wall of said churn and butter kneader are so positioned that all points on said curves deviate to a greater andgreater extent, from'ithe horizontal axis of said churn and butter kneader as said curves progress from theirstarting points to their terminal points r 7 FERNAND JEAN JOSEPH: V

. j ff JULIEN'I-IENRARD.

I REFERENCES CITED I The following references are of record inthe file of this patentj., I 7

UNITED STATE S PATEN'IS Number 1 N me E z I t 8,215, I ,Boardman July 15, 1851 72,843 Goodwin Dec. 31, .1867

1,129,219 Marshall Feb. 23, 1915 at. .the? parts 9-4 0 

